A pụrụ ịhụ Formate dị ka isi ihe dị mkpa nke akụ na ụba na-anaghị agbanwe agbanwe nke carbon, nke e ji usoro kemịkalụ (electro) mepụta ma gbanwee ya ka ọ bụrụ ngwaahịa agbakwunyere uru site na iji usoro enzymatic cascades ma ọ bụ microorganisms emepụtara. Nzọụkwụ dị mkpa n'ịgbasa njikọta nke synthetic formate bụ mbelata thermodynamically mgbagwoju anya nke formaldehyde, nke a na-egosi ebe a dị ka mgbanwe agba odo. Ebe E Si Nweta: Institute of Terrestrial Microbiology Max Planck/Geisel.
Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na Max Planck Institute emepụtala ụzọ metabolic sịntetik nke na-agbanwe carbon dioxide ka ọ bụrụ formaldehyde site n'enyemaka nke formic acid, na-enye ụzọ na-anaghị agbanwe carbon iji mepụta ihe bara uru.
Ụzọ anabolic ọhụrụ maka idozi carbon dioxide anaghị enyere aka belata ọkwa carbon dioxide n'ikuku, kamakwa ọ nwere ike dochie mmepụta kemịkalụ ọdịnala nke ọgwụ na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ na ya site na usoro bayoloji na-anaghị etinye carbon n'ọrụ. Nnyocha ọhụrụ na-egosi usoro e ji eme formic acid iji gbanwee carbon dioxide ka ọ bụrụ ihe bara uru nye ụlọ ọrụ biochemical.
Ebe ọ bụ na e nwere mmụba nke ikuku gas na-ekupụta n'ime ụlọ, mwepụta carbon ma ọ bụ mwepụta carbon dioxide site na nnukwu ebe ikuku na-ekupụta bụ okwu dị oke mkpa. N'okike, mwepụta carbon dioxide anọwo na-aga n'ihu ruo ọtụtụ nde afọ, mana ike ya ezughi oke iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka ikuku na-ekupụta mmadụ.
Ndị nchọpụta nke Tobias Erb nke Institute of Terrestrial Microbiology duziri. Max Planck na-eji ngwa okike emepụta ụzọ ọhụrụ maka idozi carbon dioxide. Ha enweela ihe ịga nke ọma ugbu a n'ịmepụta ụzọ metabolic arụrụ arụ nke na-emepụta formaldehyde dị oke mma site na formic acid, nke nwere ike ịbụ etiti na photosynthesis arụrụ arụ. Formaldehyde nwere ike ịbanye ozugbo n'ọtụtụ ụzọ metabolic iji mepụta ihe ndị ọzọ bara uru na-enweghị mmetụta ọ bụla na-egbu egbu. Dịka ọ dị na usoro ebumpụta ụwa, ihe abụọ bụ isi dị mkpa: ike na carbon. Enwere ike inye nke mbụ ọ bụghị naanị site na ìhè anyanwụ kpọmkwem, kamakwa site na ọkụ eletrik - dịka ọmụmaatụ, modulu anyanwụ.
N'ime usoro uru, isi iyi carbon na-agbanwe agbanwe. Ọ bụghị naanị carbon dioxide ka a ga-ahọrọ ebe a, anyị na-ekwu maka ihe niile mejupụtara carbon (ihe owuwu C1): carbon monoxide, formic acid, formaldehyde, methanol na methane. Agbanyeghị, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe ndị a niile na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu, ma maka ihe ndị dị ndụ (carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, methanol) na maka ụwa (methane dị ka gas griinhaus). Ọ bụ naanị mgbe e mechara ka formic acid dị na ya ka ọtụtụ microorganisms na-anabata oke ya.
Maren Nattermann, onye dere akwụkwọ mbụ nke ọmụmụ ihe ahụ, kwuru sị, "Formic acid bụ isi iyi carbon dị mma nke ukwuu." "Mana ịtụgharị ya ka ọ bụrụ formaldehyde in vitro na-eme ka ike dị ukwuu." Nke a bụ n'ihi na formate, nnu nke formate, anaghị agbanwe ngwa ngwa ka ọ bụrụ formaldehyde. "E nwere nnukwu ihe mgbochi kemịkalụ n'etiti molekul abụọ a, tupu anyị enwee ike ime mmeghachi omume n'ezie, anyị ga-emeri ya site n'enyemaka nke ike biochemical - ATP."
Ebumnobi nke ndị nchọpụta bụ ịchọta ụzọ ka mma iji mee ka carbon baa n'ime metabolism, otú ahụ ka ike ga-esi na-akpali uto ma ọ bụ mmepụta. Mana ọ dịghị ụzọ dị otu a n'okike. "Nchọpụta nke ihe a na-akpọ enzymes ngwakọ nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ chọrọ ihe okike," ka Tobias Erb na-ekwu. "Agbanyeghị, nchọpụta nke enzymes ndị a na-akpọ candidate bụ naanị mmalite. Anyị na-ekwu maka mmeghachi omume ndị enwere ike ịgụta ọnụ n'ihi na ha na-adị nwayọ - n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, enwere ihe na-erughị otu mmeghachi omume kwa sekọnd kwa enzyme. Mmeghachi omume okike nwere ike ịga n'ihu na ọnụego nke dị puku ugboro ngwa ngwa." Nke a bụ ebe biochemistry sịntetik si abata, ka Maren Nattermann na-ekwu: "Ọ bụrụ na ị maara nhazi na usoro nke enzyme, ị maara ebe ị ga-etinye aka. Ọ baara nnukwu uru."
Nhazi enzyme gụnyere ọtụtụ ụzọ dị iche iche: mgbanwe blọk ụlọ pụrụ iche, mmepụta mgbanwe na-enweghị usoro, na nhọrọ ikike. "Ma formaldehyde na formaldehyde dị mma nke ukwuu n'ihi na ha nwere ike ịbanye na mgbidi sel. Anyị nwere ike itinye formaldehyde na usoro ọdịbendị sel, nke na-emepụta enzyme nke na-eme ka formaldehyde si na ya pụta bụrụ agba odo na-adịghị egbu egbu mgbe awa ole na ole gachara," ka Maren kwuru. Nattermann kọwara.
Agaraghị enwe ike inweta nsonaazụ n'oge dị mkpirikpi dị otú a ma ọ bụrụ na e jiri ụzọ dị elu arụ ọrụ. Iji mee nke a, ndị nchọpụta ahụ jikọrọ aka na onye mmekọ ụlọ ọrụ Festo na Esslingen, Germany. "Mgbe ihe dị ka mgbanwe 4,000 gasịrị, anyị mụbara ihe anyị mepụtara okpukpu anọ," ka Maren Nattermann na-ekwu. "Ya mere, anyị emepụtala ntọala maka uto nke ụdị nje E. coli, ihe na-arụ ọrụ nje nke bayoteknọlọji, na formic acid. Agbanyeghị, ugbu a, mkpụrụ ndụ anyị nwere ike imepụta naanị formaldehyde ma enweghị ike ịgbanwe ọzọ."
Na mmekorita ya na onye ọrụ ya bụ Sebastian Wink nke Institute of Plant Molecular Physiology. Ndị nchọpụta Max Planck na-emepụta ụdị nke nwere ike ibuga ndị na-eme ihe n'etiti ma webata ha na metabolism etiti. N'otu oge ahụ, ndị otu ahụ na-eme nnyocha na mgbanwe electrochemical nke carbon dioxide ka ọ bụrụ formic acid na otu ndị ọrụ na Institute of Chemical Energy Conversion. Max Planck n'okpuru nduzi nke Walter Leitner. Ebumnuche ogologo oge bụ "otu nha dabara-niile ikpo okwu" site na carbon dioxide nke usoro electrobiochemical mepụtara ruo na ngwaahịa dị ka insulin ma ọ bụ biodiesel.
Ntụaka: Maren Nattermann, Sebastian Wenk, Pascal Pfister, Hai He, Seung Hwang Lee, Witold Szymanski, Nils Guntermann, Faiying Zhu “Mmepe nke cascade ọhụrụ maka ntụgharị nke ụdị phosphate dabere na formaldehyde na vitro na in vivo”, Lennart Nickel., Charlotte Wallner, Jan Zarzycki, Nicole Pachia, Nina Gaisert, Giancarlo Francio, Walter Leitner, Ramon Gonzalez, na Tobias J. Erb, Mee 9, 2023, Nature Communications.DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38072-w
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